![]() 3 The E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a diverse family of proteins in plants, representing approximately more than 1,400 genes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. 2 The attachment is mediated by formation of an isopeptide bond between the lys-ε-amino group (lys 48) of the target protein and the last amino acid of ubiquitin (glycine 76). Protein ubiquitination requires the sequential action of a multi-enzymatic system: ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) activates and transfers ubiquitin to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) before reaching the final enzyme, ubiquitin protein ligase E3, which recognizes and catalyzes the covalent attachment of activated ubiquitin to a specific sequence on the target protein. In general, nonfunctional and misfolded proteins are targeted for selective degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the major intracellular proteolysis machinery in eukaryotic cells (UPS 26S proteasome). ![]() ![]() Plant cells contain multiple proteolytic systems to carry out their degradation processes. The well controlled balance between protein synthesis and degradation is essential in maintaining and improving cellular homeostasis and survival. Keywords: cyclin-like F-box, model legumes, Arabidopsis thaliana, plant growth, plant development, cell cycleĬontrol of protein turnover is a crucial post-translational regulatory mechanism that allows rapid responses and adaptation of plants to internal and external signals generated by changing environmental conditions. Together, the collected data suggest a similar role of the cyclin-like F-box protein in the three model species, providing evidence for the functional conservation of the studied gene. Furthermore, knockdown of cyclin-like F-box led to accumulation of higher levels of the G2/M transition-specific gene cyclin B1:1 ( CYCB1:1), suggesting its possible role in cell cycle control. The observed variations in root and hypocotyl growth, leaf and silique development, ploidy levels, and leaf parameters in the obtained transgenic lines demonstrated the effects of this gene on organ development. The cyclin-like F-box gene showed expression in all plant organs and tissues comprised of actively dividing cells. Morphological and transcriptional analyses combined with flow cytometry and histochemistry demonstrated the participation of this protein in many aspects of plant growth and development, including processes of indirect somatic embryogenesis and symbiotic nodulation. truncatula, Lotus japonicas, and Arabidopsis thaliana generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In the present study, we clarified the role and function of the gene encoding cyclin-like F-box protein from Medicago truncatula using transgenic plants of the model species M. ![]() Irina Boycheva, 1 Valya Vassileva, 2 Miglena Revalska, 1 Grigor Zehirov, 2 Anelia Iantcheva 1ġDepartment of Functional Genetics Legumes, 2AgroBioInstitute, Department of Plant Stress Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Sofia, BulgariaĪbstract: In eukaryotes, F-box proteins are one of the main components of the SCF complex that belongs to the family of ubiquitin E3 ligases, which catalyze protein ubiquitination and maintain the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. ![]()
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